Why Are Graduation Caps Square?: Unveiling the Origins of the Mortarboard
The iconic square shape of graduation caps, also known as mortarboards, is thought to have originated from the academic caps worn in medieval universities, evolving from the biretta and becoming a symbol of intellectual achievement and readiness for scholarly pursuits.
A Glimpse into the History of Academic Headwear
The graduation cap, or mortarboard, as it’s more formally known, is a ubiquitous symbol of academic achievement. But why are graduation caps square? The answer lies in centuries of academic tradition and the evolution of scholarly attire. Understanding its origins provides a fascinating perspective on the history of higher education itself. The mortarboard’s journey from a practical head covering to a potent symbol is a story worth exploring.
From Biretta to Mortarboard: Tracing the Evolution
The most commonly accepted theory suggests that the graduation cap’s square shape is derived from the biretta, a similar square-shaped hat worn by clergy and academics in medieval Europe. Universities in the 12th and 13th centuries began adopting these caps as a way to distinguish students and faculty. Over time, the biretta evolved into the more rigid, flat-topped mortarboard we recognize today.
- Biretta: Soft, rounded or square cap with three or four peaks or ridges.
- Early Academic Caps: Often resembled a soft skullcap or a modified biretta.
- Mortarboard: Characterized by its flat, square top and rigid construction.
Symbolism Embedded in the Square
While practical considerations likely played a role in the design (a flat surface is easier to balance books upon, some argue), the square shape also carries symbolic weight. Some believe it represents a book or a board, symbolizing knowledge and learning. The mortarboard name itself conjures images of a builder’s tool, perhaps alluding to the construction of knowledge and the building blocks of education.
The Tassel: A Symbol of Completion
The tassel is an integral part of the graduation cap. Its color often denotes the graduate’s field of study. Before the ceremony, the tassel is typically worn on the right side. Upon receiving their degree, graduates move the tassel to the left, symbolizing their transition from student to graduate. This simple act is a powerful visual representation of their completed academic journey.
Modern Adaptations and Variations
While the square mortarboard remains the standard, variations exist. Doctoral graduates sometimes wear tudor bonnets or other more elaborate headwear. Some institutions have also experimented with alternative cap designs, although the square mortarboard remains the most recognized and widely used symbol of graduation. The tradition of the square graduation cap is strong, although modern influences are starting to show.
Misconceptions and Urban Legends
There are many misconceptions surrounding the graduation cap’s origin and significance. Some believe it’s a symbol of good luck, while others associate it with specific historical events. However, the most accurate explanations point to its evolution from the biretta and its subsequent adoption as a symbol of academic achievement. Knowing the true history behind it adds to the significance of the graduation ceremony.
Why is the color black so common for graduation caps?
The choice of black for graduation caps is largely due to academic dress codes that became established centuries ago. Black was, and continues to be, a relatively inexpensive and readily available color, making it a practical choice for academic robes and associated attire, including caps.
Common Mistakes: Avoid These Graduation Cap Faux Pas
- Wearing the cap backward: Ensure the point of the square faces forward.
- Incorrect tassel placement: The tassel starts on the right and moves to the left after receiving the degree.
- Decorating the cap inappropriately: While some personalization is allowed, avoid overly distracting or offensive decorations.
- Forgetting to remove the cap during the national anthem or invocation: Show respect during these important moments.
Frequently Asked Questions About Graduation Caps
Why are graduation caps square and not round?
The square shape of graduation caps is primarily believed to have evolved from the medieval biretta, a square-shaped cap worn by scholars and clergy. The square design is a symbolic representation of books and knowledge, setting it apart from more traditional round headwear.
When did graduation caps become standardized?
The standardization of graduation caps occurred gradually over several centuries. While the biretta was worn in the Middle Ages, the more rigid mortarboard design became widely adopted in the 19th and 20th centuries, becoming the standard symbol we recognize today.
What is the significance of the tassel on a graduation cap?
The tassel on a graduation cap represents the graduate’s academic field (with specific colors assigned to different disciplines) and the transition from student to graduate. Moving the tassel from right to left signifies the completion of the academic journey.
Is it disrespectful to decorate a graduation cap?
Whether decorating a graduation cap is disrespectful is highly dependent on the institution and its guidelines. Many colleges and universities permit or even encourage tasteful and respectful decorations, celebrating the graduate’s achievements and personality. However, excessively distracting or offensive decorations are generally discouraged.
What is the official name for a graduation cap?
The official name for a graduation cap is mortarboard, a term derived from its resemblance to the flat board used by bricklayers to hold mortar. This term reflects its historical connection to construction and, metaphorically, the building of knowledge.
Do all countries use square graduation caps?
While the square mortarboard is common in many Western countries, not all countries use it. Academic traditions vary significantly across the globe, and some countries utilize different styles of hats or ceremonial headwear for graduation ceremonies.
Can I keep my graduation cap after the ceremony?
Yes, graduates typically keep their graduation caps as a memento of their academic achievement. It serves as a lasting reminder of their hard work and dedication.
Are there different types of graduation caps for different degrees?
While the square mortarboard is the most common, some doctoral degrees might use a tudor bonnet or other specialized headwear to signify their advanced level of education.
What material are graduation caps typically made from?
Graduation caps are typically made from polyester or a similar synthetic material that provides durability and a consistent shape. The tassel is often made from rayon or silk.
What is the origin of the term “mortarboard”?
As mentioned previously, the term “mortarboard” comes from the resemblance of the cap to the board used by bricklayers to hold mortar, drawing a connection between constructing physical structures and building knowledge.
Why do graduation gowns and caps often come as a set?
Graduation gowns and caps are offered as a set to ensure a uniform and consistent appearance among graduates. This uniformity reinforces the sense of community and shared achievement during the ceremony.
What is the proper etiquette for wearing a graduation cap?
Proper etiquette for wearing a graduation cap includes: ensuring the point of the square faces forward, positioning the cap level on the head, moving the tassel from right to left after receiving the degree, and removing the cap during the national anthem or invocation.