How to Type an Em Dash on a Keyboard: The Definitive Guide
Learn how to type an em dash on a keyboard with these easy methods: Windows users can use Alt+0151, macOS users can use Option+Shift+Hyphen, and both operating systems offer alternative methods like copy-pasting or utilizing the character map.
Understanding the Em Dash
The em dash—a punctuation mark longer than a hyphen or en dash—adds a significant pause or interruption in a sentence. It signals a strong break in thought, sets off parenthetical information, or indicates missing words. Its proper use elevates writing to a more professional and polished level. Many consider it a more sophisticated alternative to commas or parentheses in specific situations.
Why Use an Em Dash?
The em dash serves several crucial functions in writing:
- Emphasis: Drawing attention to specific parts of a sentence. It creates more emphasis than a comma but less than a period.
- Interruption: Signifying a sudden break in thought or speech. This can add drama or mimic real-life conversation.
- Parenthetical Information: Setting off explanatory or supplementary information. An em dash creates a stronger separation than commas or parentheses.
- Attribution: Sometimes used to attribute a quote, especially in informal writing.
- Omission: Indicating missing words or phrases, such as names or dates.
Methods to Type an Em Dash
Different operating systems and software programs provide various ways to create an em dash. Here’s a breakdown of the most common methods:
- Windows:
- Alt Code: Hold down the Alt key and type 0151 on the numeric keypad. This is the most reliable method across different applications.
- Character Map: Use the Character Map application (search for it in the Start Menu) to find the em dash and copy it.
- AutoCorrect: Microsoft Word and other programs often autocorrect two hyphens to an em dash as you type. Simply type two hyphens (–) between words. Make sure AutoCorrect is enabled.
- macOS:
- Option+Shift+Hyphen: Press and hold the Option and Shift keys simultaneously, then press the hyphen key.
- Character Viewer: Access the Character Viewer (Edit > Emoji & Symbols, or Control+Command+Space) to find and insert the em dash.
- HTML:
- Use the HTML entity —
- Use the numeric HTML entity —
Troubleshooting Em Dash Issues
Sometimes, typing an em dash can be tricky. Here are some common problems and solutions:
- Alt Codes Not Working (Windows): Ensure Num Lock is activated. The Alt code method only works with the numeric keypad.
- AutoCorrect Not Working: Check your application’s settings to ensure AutoCorrect is enabled and that it is set to replace two hyphens with an em dash.
- Incorrect Dash Appearing: Make sure you’re not accidentally typing an en dash (slightly shorter) instead of an em dash.
Comparing Methods
| Method | Operating System | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alt Code | Windows | Reliable, quick once memorized. | Requires numeric keypad, Num Lock must be on. |
| Option+Shift+Hyphen | macOS | Easy to remember, efficient. | Only works on macOS. |
| Character Map/Viewer | Both | Always available, can find other special characters. | Slower than keyboard shortcuts. |
| AutoCorrect | Both | Automatic, convenient. | Can be unreliable if AutoCorrect is disabled or incorrectly configured. |
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What is the difference between an em dash, an en dash, and a hyphen?
The hyphen (-) connects words or parts of words (e.g., well-being). The en dash (–), slightly longer than a hyphen, indicates a range (e.g., pages 10–20). The em dash (—) signifies a break or interruption in a sentence. Understanding these differences is crucial for proper punctuation.
Why is it called an “em” dash?
The name “em dash” originally came from printing. Its length was traditionally equal to the width of the capital letter “M” in the font being used. This historical connection explains the unusual name.
Can I use an em dash instead of a comma?
Yes, in certain cases. Em dashes provide a stronger break than commas and can add emphasis. However, overuse of em dashes can make writing seem choppy. Use them sparingly and strategically.
How do I type an em dash on a smartphone?
Most smartphone keyboards don’t have a dedicated em dash key. You can usually access it by long-pressing the hyphen key to reveal alternative punctuation marks. Alternatively, copy and paste from another source.
Does Microsoft Word automatically create em dashes?
Yes, Microsoft Word typically autocorrects two consecutive hyphens into an em dash as you type. This is usually enabled by default.
How do I disable the automatic em dash creation in Microsoft Word?
Go to File > Options > Proofing > AutoCorrect Options. Uncheck the box labeled “Hyphens (–) with em dash (—)”. This will prevent Word from automatically converting two hyphens.
Is it correct to put spaces around an em dash?
Style guides vary. Some prefer no spaces around the em dash, while others recommend a single space on either side. Consistency is key. Choose a style and stick to it. AP style usually calls for spaces around the em dash.
How do I type an em dash in Google Docs?
Google Docs follows a similar convention to Microsoft Word and typically autocorrects two hyphens to an em dash. You can also copy and paste from another source or use the insert special character menu.
What is the HTML code for an em dash?
The HTML entity code for an em dash is — or the numeric entity —. These codes will display an em dash when rendered in a web browser.
Why is my em dash showing up as a question mark or a square?
This usually indicates a font issue. The font you are using may not include the em dash character. Try changing the font to one that supports a wide range of characters. Arial, Times New Roman, and Calibri are usually safe choices.
Are there any keyboard shortcuts for em dashes in other applications like Adobe InDesign?
Yes, many professional design programs, like Adobe InDesign, offer customizable keyboard shortcuts. In InDesign, the default shortcut for an em dash is Option+Shift+Hyphen (on macOS) or Alt+0151 (on Windows), but you can redefine it in the Keyboard Shortcuts panel.
Where can I copy and paste an em dash from if I can’t use any of the keyboard shortcuts?
You can simply copy and paste an em dash from this article: —. Alternatively, you can find it online by searching for “em dash character” and copying it from any website that displays it correctly.
By mastering these techniques, you can confidently use the em dash—a versatile punctuation mark—to enhance your writing. Knowing how do I type an em dash on a keyboard? will make your work more polished and professional.